antoine henri becquerel

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Definition

Proper noun A French physicist (1852-1908) who is renowned for his discovery of radioactivity. In 1896, he found that uranium salts emitted rays that could penetrate opaque materials and affect a photographic plate, even without an external source of energy like light. This fundamental discovery earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, which he shared with Marie Curie and Pierre Curie.

Usage
  • The unit for measuring radioactivity, the becquerel (Bq), is named in honor of Antoine Henri Becquerel.
  • Antoine Henri Becquerel's accidental discovery while working with uranium salts opened the field of nuclear physics.
Advanced Usage
  • The term Becquerel rays is a historical name for the radiation he discovered, which was later understood to be composed of alpha, beta, and gamma rays.
  • In academic contexts, his work is often cited as the foundational experiment for the study of radioactivity, a term coined later by Marie Curie.
Variants and Related Words
  • becquerel (Bq) (n.): The SI derived unit of radioactivity, defined as one nuclear decay per second.
    • The sample had an activity of 5,000 becquerels.
  • Becquerel effect (n.): A term sometimes used for the photovoltaic effect observed in certain electrolytes, related to his earlier work.
Synonyms
  • The discoverer of radioactivity.
  • (Historical) The scientist who discovered uranium rays.
Related Phrases and Contexts
  • Becquerel's discovery: Refers specifically to the 1896 experiment.
  • Becquerel family: A notable dynasty of French scientists spanning four generations, with Antoine Henri being the third.
Noun
  1. French physicist who discovered that rays emitted by uranium salts affect photographic plates (1852-1908)

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